What Causes Leaves To Change?

Fall is here and leaves are rapidly beginning to change colors on some tress across the area.  Here is a map showing the peak fall foliage across the midwest.  Here in the QCA, we've got our peak colors coming up in the next few weeks!

Times to expect peak color on trees.

So, what makes these leaves change color?  All leaves have color pigments within their "body."  Carotenoids, Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll are the three pigments which give leaves their colors.  Carotenoids give leaves the yellow, brown and orange color you see in Autumn.  Anthocyanin is the pigment that gives off the vibrant reds.  Chlorophyll is what keeps the leaves green during the Spring and Summer.  This means that the breaking down of chlorophyll causes the other pigments to take over.  During night time, chlorophyll production slows and stops.  Production is halted even more during Autumn when night time is longer and cooler, leading to a fast breakdown of chlorophyll.

How does the weather affect the leaves?  Warm days with sunshine and cool night (not freezing) are the perfect formula for vibrant Autumn colors.  If spring-like weather occurs a little later than usual or there is a severe summer drought, leaves may change a little later than usual and may not be as colorful.  An unusually wet spring can also lead to awesome Fall colors.   Here in the QC, we've dealt with both a wet Spring and drought conditions in Summer, so it's hard to determine at this point.  But I can tell you I've noticed color on some trees across the area.

For a little more in depth on why leaves change, and to see what colors you can expect for your tree...CLICK HERE.